A2 note frequency calculator
A2 is MIDI note 45, -24 semitones from A4. At the standard A4 = 440 Hz that puts it at 110.000 Hz.
- Period
- 0.009 090 91 s
- Wavelength in air
- 3.1182
- Quarter wavelength
- 0.7795
- One octave up
- 220.0000 Hz
- One octave down
- 55.0000 Hz
- Equal-tempered fifth above
- 164.8138 Hz
- Just fifth above
- 165.0000 Hz
- How flat the tempered fifth is
- 1.9550 cents
- String length at that tension
- 0.5750
- MIDI note number
- 45
Show the working
- Reference pitch for A4 = 440
- Detune = 0
- Speed of sound = 343
- String tension = 80
- String mass per metre = 0.005
- semitones = -24 = -24
- Frequency = 440 * 2^(-24/12) * 2^(0/1200) = 110
- Period = 110 > 0 ? 1/110 : 0 = 0.009 090 91
- Wavelength in air = 110 > 0 ? 343 / 110 : 0 = 3.118 18
- Quarter wavelength = 3.118 18 / 4 = 0.779 545
- One octave up = 110 * 2 = 220
- One octave down = 110 / 2 = 55
- Equal-tempered fifth above = 110 * 2^(7/12) = 164.814
- Just fifth above = 110 * 1.5 = 165
- How flat the tempered fifth is = 164.814 > 0 ? 1200 * log2(165/164.814) : 0 = 1.955
- String length at that tension = 110 > 0 ? sqrt(80 / 0.005) / (2 * 110) : 0 = 0.574 96
- MIDI note number = 45 = 45
Values are shown to six significant figures here; the arithmetic itself runs on exact fractions and is only rounded where a number is printed.
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The formula
- f = 440 x 2^((n - 69)/12), with n the MIDI note number
- one cent is 2^(1/1200), so a detune of c cents multiplies by 2^(c/1200)
- string frequency = sqrt(tension / linear density) / (2 x length)
Equal temperament divides the octave into twelve equal ratios of 2^(1/12), which is irrational. Every interval except the octave is therefore slightly out of tune against the simple whole-number ratios the ear prefers.
The tempered fifth is about 1.955 cents flat of a just fifth, which is close enough that almost nobody notices.
Concert pitch is not universal: many orchestras tune to 442 or 443 Hz, and baroque performance often uses 415.
A2 at different concert pitches
| A4 reference | A2 frequency |
|---|---|
| 415 Hz | 103.750 Hz |
| 430 Hz | 107.500 Hz |
| 432 Hz | 108.000 Hz |
| 435 Hz | 108.750 Hz |
| 440 Hz | 110.000 Hz |
| 442 Hz | 110.500 Hz |
| 443 Hz | 110.750 Hz |
| 444 Hz | 111.000 Hz |
Frequently asked
What frequency is A2?
110.000 Hz in equal temperament with A4 at 440 Hz.
How is the frequency of a note calculated?
Multiply the reference pitch by two raised to the number of semitones divided by twelve.