Defining constants

Since the 2019 SI redefinition most of these are exact by fiat: the number is the definition, and no future experiment can change it. The site's exactness badge depends on which side of that line a constant falls.

Symbol Quantity Value used Status
pi π 3.14159265358979323846264338328… Truncated
tau 6.28318530717958647692528676656… Truncated
e e 2.71828182845904523536028747135… Truncated
c speed of light, m/s 299792458 Exact
h Planck constant, J·s 0.000000000000000000000000000000000662607015… Exact
kB Boltzmann constant, J/K 0.00000000000000000000001380649 Exact
NA Avogadro constant, 1/mol 602214076000000000000000 Exact
qe elementary charge, C 0.0000000000000000001602176634 Exact
g0 standard gravity, m/s² 9.80665 Exact
atm standard atmosphere, Pa 101325 Exact
au astronomical unit, m 149597870700 Exact
ly light-year, m 9460730472580800 Exact
me electron mass, kg 0.000000000000000000000000000000910938371393… Truncated
amu atomic mass unit, kg 0.00000000000000000000000000166053906892… Truncated

What "exact" means here

Exact constants are definitions. The speed of light is exactly 299 792 458 m/s because the meter is defined from it, not because anyone measured it that precisely. The same now applies to the Planck constant, the elementary charge, the Boltzmann constant and the Avogadro constant.

Truncated constants are either irrational (π, e) or measured (the electron mass, the atomic mass unit). π and e are carried to 75 decimal places, which is well beyond the 50-digit display limit, but a truncation is still a truncation — so any conversion touching one is reported as rounded rather than exact.

Conventional values

Standard gravity (9.806 65 m/s²) and the standard atmosphere (101 325 Pa) are neither measurements nor natural constants — they are agreed conventions. They are exact in the same sense a definition is, which is what makes the pound-force, psi and kgf convert without approximation.

How the arithmetic works →